Gigantism: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Complications

Gigantism is a rare condition that affects 3 to 4 people per million every year. [1] A tumour on the pituitary gland usually causes gigantism. This is because the pituitary gland is responsible for the growth hormone, and a tumour can cause it to produce an excess of this hormone. In addition, gigantism is associated with tall height, the opposite of which is seen in turner syndrome.

Living with gigantism can be challenging. People with gigantism may have difficulty finding clothes and shoes that fit. They may also have difficulty with certain activities, such as riding in a car or flying in an aeroplane. Despite these challenges, people with gigantism can lead normal, healthy lives.

Causes of Gigantism

Gigantism causes abnormally large growth because of excessive secretion of the hormone secreted by the pituitary gland due to a tumour. Gigantism can also be caused by genetic conditions, such as Sotos syndrome, also found in progeria or X-linked acromegaly. In some cases, the cause of gigantism is unknown.

Symptoms of Gigantism

The most common symptom of gigantism is abnormal growth. People with gigantism may grow to be much taller than average. They may also have abnormally large bodies and limbs.

People with gigantism may experience the following symptoms:

• Rapid and uncontrolled growth
• Enlarged head and hands
• Thickening of the skin
• Coarsening of the features
• Decreased mobility
• Joint pain
• Vision problems

People with gigantism typically require specialised medical care to manage their condition. If you or someone you know is experiencing any of the above symptoms, please visit your general physician.

Treatment for Gigantism

There are a few gigantism treatment options available depending on the underlying cause. If left untreated, gigantism can lead to severe health problems. A tumour on the pituitary gland usually causes gigantism. This type of gigantism is called pituitary gigantism.

Treatment for pituitary gigantism usually involves surgery to remove the tumour. If the tumour can't be removed, radiation therapy may be used to shrink it. In some cases, medication such as somatostatin may also be used to control hormone levels.

In some cases, gigantism may be caused by a genetic mutation. This type of gigantism is called familial gigantism. There is no specific treatment for familial gigantism. However, some of the symptoms can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes.

If you or your child has gigantism, it's important to see a doctor specialising in this condition. This is because treatment for gigantism can be complex and should be tailored to the individual.

Diagnosis of Gigantism

Gigantism can be diagnosed with blood tests, X-rays, and MRIs. It is often diagnosed in childhood when a child's height is significantly above average. Also, a doctor may order a bone age test, which can help to determine if a child's bones are maturing too quickly.

Complications of Gigantism

Complications associated with gigantism include:

Problems in Joint

People with gigantism often have joint problems, such as pain and stiffness. This is because the joints support a lot of extra weight.

High Blood Pressure

Gigantism can cause high blood pressure, leading to other health problems.

Heart Problem

Gigantism can put a strain on the heart, which can lead to problems such as heart failure.

Vision Problems

People with gigantism may have trouble seeing because of the extra pressure on their eyeballs.

People with gigantism are at risk for cardiovascular, joint, and respiratory problems. In addition, gigantism causes social and emotional issues. It can even lead to psychological problems, such as low self-esteem and body image issues. Gigantism caused by Sotos syndrome can also lead to seizures.

Head to Bajaj Finserv Health if you are experiencing any symptoms to get a doctor’s consultation online from the comfort of your home.